Keywords
methodology
criminology
philosophy
How to Cite
Abstract
Some aspects of the philosophical ground of forensic science as a world-view basis of its general theory and methodology are specified in the article, as well as certain provisions of the prospects of ‘Philosophy of criminology’ are given. The author supports the idea that this particular form of scientific and forensic cognition is the only possible solution and localization of most of the methodological problems of criminology, without which it risks disappearing as a science. The analysis of literature states that in modern conditions the role of philosophy as a scientific and methodological outlook is inevitably increased. And this, in turn, is the basis of the integration of sciences, the basis for comprehensive research on topical issues of modern practice and cognition. Being a science about the general laws of nature, society and human thinking, philosophy serves as a basis for building a separate scientific methodology, including such a variety as the general theory and methodology of criminology. Here philosophy carries out not only a special ideological function, which criminalistics does not have, but also a function of the philosophical method of cognition. It is also justified to assume that without reference to philosophical categories it would be impossible both the formation of forensic science, and its further improvement in the sense of formulating their own categories, that is, the most general concepts, in which, in general, the quintessence of the content of a separate branch of scientific knowledge is concentrated.
According to ‘The procedure of training applicants of higher education for the degree of doctor of philosophy and doctor of sciences in higher educational establishments (scientific institutions) these applicants in Ukraine will be called ‘doctors of philosophy’. In addition, the educational – scientific program should include the component which provides for the acquisition of such competence in accordance with the National Qualifications Framework, as ‘... mastering general scientific (philosophical) competencies aimed at forming a systemic scientific views, professional ethics and general cultural outlook. Therefore, this aspect does not only justify, but inexcusably argues the need for scientific assimilation of philosophical categories by future lawyers, including the highest scientific degree’.
One way or another, future lawyers, especially criminologists, must be aware of the reasons that led to the emergence and development of criminology; the factors that determined its methodological foundations and place in the system of scientific knowledge, in particular, in the system of criminal-law sciences; its tasks, social functions, the ways and mechanisms of their realization (in their philosophical comprehension).
In addition, the elimination of the so-called in the literature ground of the ‘idea of crisis’ which leads to allegations of the need to change the ‘forensic paradigm’, the departure from the traditional forensic theory and methodology, could also be possible, to a large extent, due to the philosophical aspect of securing the active and progressive development of criminology, taking into account the preservation and respect of the traditions of forensic science, as well as the criminologists who created it.
References
Yablokov, N.P. (2010). Nekotorye vzgliady na kriminalistiku kak nauku i uchebnuiu disciplinu XXI veka [Some views at criminalistic as a science and study discipline of the XXI century]. Kriminalistika XXI stolittia: materialy Mizhnar. nauk.-pract. konf[ [Criminalistics of the XXI century: materials of the International scientifical practical conference], November 25-26, 2010, Kharkiv, рp. 68–73.
Sokol, V.Yu. (2017). Krizis otechestvennoi kriminalistiki: monogr. [Crisis of the domestic criminalistic: monography]. Krasnodar, 332 p. URL:http://kalinovskyk.narod.ru/b1/Sokol_2017.pdf. [in Russian].
Zhuravel, V. A. (2016). Zmist ta struktura zahalnoi teorii kryminalistyki. [Content and structure of the general theory of criminalistics] Visnyk Natsionalnoi akademii pravovykh nauk Ukrainy. [Bulletin of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine], No 2. pp. 91–108. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua [in Ukrainian].
Konovalova, V.O. (2015). Problemy metodolohii haluzevykh nauk (kryminalne pravo, kryminalno-protsesualne pravo, kryminalistika, sudova ekspertyza) [criminal law, criminal procedural law, criminalistics, forensic expertise). Pravo ta innovatsii [Law and innovations], no 4. pp. 58–64. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/apir_2015_4_10. [in Ukrainian].
Honcharenko, V. H. (2003). Metodolohichni problemy vchennia pro predmet kryminalistyky. [Methodological problems of studies on criminalistics subject]. Aktualni problemy kryminalistyky: materialy mizhnar. nauk.-pract. konf. [Topical issues of the criminalistics: materials of the International scientific and practical conference]. (Kharkiv, 25-26 September, 2003). Kharkiv, pp. 12–13. [in Ukrainian].
Shepitko, V.Yu. (2003). Tendentsii i perspektyvy rozvytku kryminalistyky (kontseptualnist pidkhodiv i diskusiinist pohliadiv). [Tendencies and development prospects of criminalistics ( conceptual approaches and discussions of views)]. Aktualni problemy kryminalistyky: materialy mizhnar. nauk.-pract. konf. [Topical issues of the criminalistics: materials of the International scientific and practical conference]. (Kharkiv, 25-26 September, 2003). Kharkiv, pp. 5–8. [in Ukrainian].
Bandura, O. O. (2011). Pravoznavstvo ta pryrodnychi nauky: problema vzaiemnykh zviazkiv. [Jurisprudence and natural sciences: the problem of interconnections]. Filosofski ta metodolohichni problemy prava[Philosophical and methodological problems of the Law], no 1 pp. 3–13. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Fmpp_2011_1_3 [in Ukrainian].
Komisarchuk, R. V. (2018). Epistemolohichni osnovy kryminalistyky. [Epistemological basics of criminalistics] Numărul 2-1(30) / 2018: URL: https://ibn.idsi.md/sites/default/files/imag_file/163-167_0.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Klimenko, N. I. (1990). Kriminalistichiskie znania v strukture professionalnoi podgotovki sledovatelia [Criminalistics knowleges in structure of the proffecional trainings of an investigator]: training manual Kyiv, 103 p. [in Russian].
Klimenko, N. I., Komissarov, N. L.(2012). Kriminalistichiskie znania v structure professionalnoi podgotovki sledovatelia: monogr. [Criminalistics knowleges in structure of the proffecional trainings of an investigator]: monogr. Donetsk, 223 p. [in Russian].
Kohutych, I. I. (2008). Kryminalistichni znannia, ikh sutnist i potreba rozshyrennia mezh vykorystannia: monohr [Criminalistics knowleges, its essenceand necessity ofexpansion of limits of the use: monogr]. Lviv, 420 p. [in Ukrainian].
Belkin, R. S. (1997) Kurs kriminalistiki: v 3-kh t. T.1: Obshchaia teoria kriminalistiki [Criminalistics course in 3 Vols. Vol.1: The general theory of criminalistics]. Moskva, 408 p. [in Russian].
Karpov, N. S. (2007). Kryminalistichni zasady vivchennia zlochynnoi dialnosti [Criminalistics principles of studying of the criminal activity: monogr.] Kyiv, 522 p. [in Ukrainian].
Ishchenko, A. V. (2003). Metodolohichni problemy kryminalistychnykh doslidzhen: monohr. [Methodological problems of criminalistics scientific research: monogr.] Kyiv, 359 p. [in Ukrainian].
Kerimov, D. A. (1974). Problemy metodologii i metodiki pravovedeniia [Methodological problems and jurisprudential methodologies]. Moskva, 203 p. [in Russian].
Naivyznachnishi filosofski katehorii [Essential philosophical categories]. URL: http://osvita.ua/vnz/reports/philosophy/13308/ [in Ukrainian].
Poriadok pidhotovky zdobuvachiv vyshchoi osvity doctora filosofii ta doctora nauk u vyshchykh navchalnykh zakladakh (naukovykh ustanovakh):posttanova Kabminy Ukrainy vid 23 bereznia 2016[Preparation order of applicants for fhigher educationof degree of Ph.D.and doctor of sciences is in higher educational establishments (scientific establishments)]:Resolution of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine 23 of March, 2016, No 261 URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/261-2016-%D0%BF/print [in Ukrainian].
Grazhdannikov, E. D. (1987). Metod postroenia sistemnoi klasificatsii nauk [Construction method of systematic classification of science]. Novosibirsk, 118 p. URL: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01008674066 [in Russian].
Volynskii, A. F., Lapin, E. S. (2012). K voprosu o filosofii kriminalistiki [To the question of the criminalistics philosophy]. Vestnik MU MVD Rossii [Bulletin of the MU MVD of Russia]. No 4, pp. 103–107. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-o-filosofii-kriminalistiki [in Russian].
Lapin, E. S. (2018). Filosofia kriminalistiki: ucheb posobie dlia vuzov 2-e izd., ispr. i dop.[Criminalistics philosophy: educational manual for high education. 2ndedition, upd. and enl.] Moskva, 166 p. URL:http://urait.ru/uploads/pdf_review/6A13EB01-93D7-459F-8FDD-F98852EA4A26.pdf [in Russian]
Baev, O. Ia. (2009). Osnovy kriminalistiki: kurs lektsii 3-e izd., pererab. i dop. [Criminalistics basics: 3rd ed., upd and enl. Moskva, 288 p. [in Russian].
Belkin, R. S. (2001). Kriminalistika: problemy segodniashnego dnia. Zlobodnevnye voprosy rossiiskoi kriminalistiki [Criminalistics: nowdays problems. Relevant questions of Russian criminalistics]. Moskva, 240 p. [in Russian]
Shoshin, S. V. (2017). Nekotorye perspektivnye napravlenia razvitia teorii kriminalistiki v usloviakh globalizatsii [Some perspective ways of development of criminalistics theory in conditions of the globalization events. Theology. Philosophy. Law], No 2 (2), pp. 81–87. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nekotorye-perspektivnye-napravleniya-razvitiya-teorii-kriminalistiki-v-usloviyah-yavleniy-globalizatsii [in Russian].
Eksarkhopulo, A. A. (2004). Predmet i sistema kriminalistiki: Problemy razvitia na rubezhe XX-XXI vekov [Subject and system of criminalistics: Problems of development at the close of the XX-XXI centuries]. Sankt-Peterburg, 112 p. [in Russian].
Volynskii, A. F., Lapin, E. S. (2012). Filosofia kriminalistiki kak ekzamen kandidatskogo minimuma [Criminalistic philosophy as the test for postgraduate examination minimum ]. Izvestiia Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskie i iuridicheskie nauki [Bulletin of Tula State University. Economical and Law sciences]. pp. 34–42. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/filosofiya-kriminalistiki-kak-ekzamen-kandidatskogo-minimuma-1 [in Russian].
Gross, G. (2002). Rukovodstvo dlia sudebnykh sledovatelei kak sistema kriminalistiki [Guide for the investigating judges as a criminalistic system]. New pub., reprint from publ. 1908, Moskva, 1088, p. 9 [in Russian].
Golovin, A. Iu. (2017). Kriminalistika: pochemu vredny ‘idei krizisa’ [Criminalistics: why the ‘crisis ideas’ are harmful]. Izvestiia Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomicheskie i iuridicheskie nauki [Bulletin of Tula State University. Economical and Law sciences], pp. 9–13. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kriminalistika-pochemu-vredny-idei-krizisa [in Russian].