Manipulation of digital photographs as a challenge for document protection systems in the context of biometric identification and personal verification

Abstract

The problem of detecting falsifications involving digital facial images is examined as a challenge to modern document security systems in the context of biometric identification and verification. A set of relevant measures aimed at dealing with this issue is proposed. In the context of the widespread implementation of automated biometric identification and verification systems in developed countries, manipulation of digital facial images (morphing) represents a relatively new challenge, particularly for automated border control systems, where both digital and printed facial images of the document holder are used for identification. Modern face-recognition systems with a high degree of probability recognize facial images generated through digital manipulation as authentic. At the same time, as developed countries actively implement high-tech solutions into the activities of law enforcement and migration services, it is correct to claim about the global trend toward the gradual replacement of direct human involvement in document verification process with automated systems. Therefore, the problem of detecting altered facial images in identity documents requires comprehensive solutions encompassing organizational, law enforcement, technical and ethical spheres. In the field of forensic science, modern challenges arising in the era of widespread digitalization require the modernization of existing methods and the development of new approaches in facialrecognition derived from physical images. These approaches should take into account biometric identification methods and the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in forensic examination to minimize the probability of expert mistakes.