Keywords
trademark protection in the XIX th century
marking of ceramic products
attribution
forensic art historical expertise
specialized publications on trademark registration of the 19th and early 20th centuries
How to Cite
Abstract
The article highlights certain aspects in the field of protection and safeguarding of enterprise trademarks, including ceramic ones, which today may be classified as having historical, artistic, ethnographic, and scientific significance and, therefore, are considered cultural heritage objects. It analyzes international declarations and XIX th-century laws in the field of protecting the rights of owners of factory marks, as well as the relevant legislation of European countries. Research in this area is conducted within the framework of the scientific project titled “Development of a methodology for conducting art historical expertise of antique terracotta, tiled, faience, and majolica stoves and fireplaces regarding their classification as cultural heritage objects of historical, artistic, ethnographic, and scientific significance.” The purpose of the study was to develop recommendations for conducting art historical expertise to determine the cultural value of antique tiled stoves and fireplaces, as well as for training forensic experts in specialty 15.1 “Art Historical Research.” The methodological basis related to the scientific attribution of stoves and fireplaces preserved in museums or in their original locations is grounded not only in strictly art historical methods whose toolkit includes formal-stylistic, iconographic, stylistic, and aesthetic methods of analysis but also in more general approaches, such as the diachronic method of cultural studies. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive approach to the study of antique stoves and fireplaces through the application of new research methods that involve the use of a wide range of primary sources, which are often not art historical in nature. The conclusions emphasize that the study of documents in the field of the history of ceramic product marking and specialized directories published during the period when production facilities were operating provides answers to a range of questions related to the attribution of tiled stoves and fireplaces.
References
Kolupaieva, A. Typology of Ukrainian Tiles (2021): Ideas, Meanings, Interpretations of Visual Art. Ukrainian Theoretical Thought of the 20th Century: Anthology. Lviv: Lviv National Academy of Arts; Institute of Folklore Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Shevchenko Scientific Society. [in Ukrainian].
Nebolsin A.G. (1886). Legislation on Factory and Trade Marks in Russia and Abroad. St. Petersburg. [in Russian].
Rosenfeldt R.L. (1968). Moscow Ceramic Production of the XIIth-XVIIIth Centuries. Corpus of Archaeological Sources, Series E1, Issue 39. Moscow. [in Russian].
Filippov A.V. (1938). Old Russian Tiles of the 15th–17th Centuries. Issue 1. Moscow. [in Russian].
Khamula D.V. (2017). Pattern kilns in Odessa: import and artistic features. Odessa [in Russian].
Khamula D.V. (2023). On the problem of preserving antique tiled stoves of the historical development of Ukrainian cities when conducting art-historical examinations on architectural monuments during wartime. Forensic examination in the context of the restoration of Ukraine:
Mat. III All-Ukrainian scientificpractical conference (Lviv, 09.06.2023). Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
Khamula D.V. (2025). On the Problem of Preserving Authentic Tile Stoves of Cultural Value in the Context of Conducting Forensic Art Historical Examination. Criminalistics and Forensic Expertise: Interdepartmental Scientific and Methodological Collection. Issue 70. Kyiv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2025.70.64 [in Ukrainian].
Adressbuch der Keramischen Industrie (1902) enthaltend die Firmen der Fabriken für Porzellan, Steingut, Fayance, Majolika, Siderolith, Terralith, Oefen, Indenwaaren, Terracotta, Fliesen, Mosaik, Steinzeung, Thonpfeifen, feurfeste Thon- und Chamottewaaren, Graphitblocke und Schmelztiegel in Deutschland und Oesterreich-Ungarn mit allen Fabrikmarken in Deutschland und des Vereins Deutscher Fabriken feuef-ester Producte von der Redaction des Sprechsaal. Coburg. [in German].
Adressbuch der Keramischen Industrie (1906) enthalted die Firmen der Fabriken fur Porzellan, Steingut, Fayence, Majolika, Siderolith, Terralith, feines Steinzeug, Oefen, Irdenwaren, Terrakotta, Fliesen, Mosaik, Steinzeug, Tonpfeifen, Yon-und Schamottewaren, Graphitblocke und Schmelztiegel, sowie die, Porzellanmalerein in Deutschland und Oesterreich-Ungarn mit den Fabrikmarken. Neunte Auflage. Heran-ge-geben von der Redaktion des Sprechsaal. Coburg. [in German].
Burdzy Maciej. (2025). Dawno temu we Lwowie…Opubl. przez Maciej Burdzy w dniu 6 czerwca 2025. URL: https://www.zdunskieopowies-ci.pl/dawno-temu-we-lwowie/ (access date: 10.03.2026). [in Polish].
Burdzy Maciej. (2025). Wyniki wyszukiwania: kaflarni Arnolda Wernera z Glińska, ze składem handlowym we Lwowie. Opubl. przez Maciej Burdzy w dniu 6 czerwca 2025. URL: https://www.zdunskieopowiesci.pl/wspomnienie-o-kaflarni-arnolda-wernera-z-glinska-ze-skladem-hand-lowym-we-lwowie/ (access date: 12.03.2026). [in Polish].
Franz Rosemarie. (1969). Der Kachelofen. Entstehung und Kunst-geschichtliche Entwicklung vom Mittelalter bis zum Ausgang des Klas-sizismus. Forschungen und Berichte des Institutes für Kunstgeschichte der Universität Graz, Band I. Graz: Published by Akademische Druckund Verlagsanstalt. [in German].
Klajumienė Dalia Akad. Kodėl svarbu tyrinėti XIX a.–XX a. pirmosios pusės koklinių krosnių gamintojų produkcijos ženklinimą? Lietuvos mokslų akademijos. 2023. URL: https://www.lma.lt/uploads/Pranesimai%20naujienoms/Akademik%C4%97s%20Dalios%20Klajumi-en%C4%97s%20straipsnis%20vie%C5%A1inti_01.pdf (accsess 10.03.2026) [in Lithuanian].
Księga Adresowa Krol. Stoł. Miasta Lwowa: rocznik siedmnasty (1913). Wydawca Franciszek Reichman. Adress- u. Geschafts-Handbuch von Siebzehnter Jahrgang. Heraus. Franz Reichman. [in Polish].