DOI: https://doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2023.68.44

Yu. Prykhodko, T. Ivasychyn, A. Kulchytskyi, V. Munchak

The peculiarity of the issues discussed in this article is the study of situational expertise as a type of forensic research. The team of authors consider situational forensic expertise in terms of explosives expertise because this type of research is quite specific.
Practice shows that not all participants in the criminal process equally understand the importance of studying the issue related to the situational explosive expertise. There are many examples of errors in the appointment of situational explosive technical expertise, in solving questions by experts during the performance of this type of expertise. However, the most difficult issue is the collection and provision of objects (materials) for expert research. Special attention should be paid to this because based on the results of the situational study, the court makes an important decision on the punishment of the guilty.
Carrying out the analysis of the current state of situational expert studies in the sense of appointing and conducting forensic explosive expertise will improve the quality of the investigation of crimes related to the use of explosive devices, ammunition and explosives.
The article determines that a feature of the situational explosive expertise is that by its nature, in most cases, it should be a comprehensive forensic expertise. When conducting situational explosive expertise, the results of investigative (search) actions related to the study of the situation at the scene of the incident should be taken into account. The subject of situational explosive expertise is incidents specifically related to the subject of confirmation. Situational explosive expertise is distinguished by the complex and multi-stage nature of the tasks being solved, determined by the specific features of the objects of study, which are multi-component events.
Situational explosive expertise is carried out on the basis of the versions put forward by the investigation and the court. When conducting a situational explosive expertise, the results of an inspection of the scene of the incident are used, and in most cases of other investigative (detective) actions, including an investigative experiment, the conclusions of experts regarding previously conducted forensic expertise are taken into account.

Key words: situational expertise, special knowledge, explosive technical expertise, explosion, explosive device, research objects.