Міжвідомчий Науково-методичний збірник
"Криміналістика і судова експертиза"
ISSN: 2786-7072 (Online); ISSN: 2786-7080 (Print)
PDF Tsilmak Завантажень: 108, розмiр: 369.4 KB

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2021.66.24

O. Tsilmak

The bodies of preliminary investigation make high demands on the competence of the investigator, one of the important varieties of which is tactical and psychological. The tactical and psychological competence of an investigator is his/her ability to tactically and psychologically competently carry out investigative (search) actions to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the pre-trial investigation of a criminal offense.
One of the significant and leading skills of the investigator, which condition and determine tactical and psychological competence, is the ability to:
1) collect, verify and evaluate evidence “… to establish circumstances that are important for criminal proceedings …” (clause 2 Article 91 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine);
2) verify information and data on the circumstances of the criminal offense;
3) establish the objective truth in the circumstances of the criminal offense;
4) determine the typology of the personality (witness, victim, suspect, accused) for the selection of the most effective methods of influence, determination of tactics of actions and tactics, etc.
One of the most widespread and empirically investigated personality typologies is the theory of character accentuation by K. Leonhard and A. Lichko. The authors described in sufficient detail the types they identified and demonstrated on specific examples the typical behavioral models for these types. Based on these scientific theories and many years of psychological practice, the author, in the article, discloses the basic behavior models of a person of a certain type of character accentuation, which provides inaccurate information about the circumstances of a criminal offense. As well as his typical emotional and behavioral reactions to a direct indication by the investigator about its unreliability indications. Tactical techniques are proposed for verifying the information provided by persons of various types of character accentuation.
It is noted that in the course of investigative (search) actions, to identify and establish the veil of a person’s message of false information about the circumstances of a criminal offense, the investigator must pay attention to all signs that may indicate a lie, that is, signs, signals, indicators, behavior patterns, etc.
It is emphasized that to verify information regarding the circumstances of a criminal offense, employees of pre-trial investigation bodies and operational units must undergo advanced training in such thematic courses as “Cognition of personality psychology” and “Information verification technology”. This will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of investigative, operational, and investigational activities and will ensure the quality of preliminary investigation of criminal offenses.
Key words: investigative (search) actions, circumstances of a criminal offense, tactics of actions, tactical technique, an investigator, a person, behavior model, character accentuation, inaccurate information, signs of a lie, verification.