Keywords
ISO 21043-2:2018
standardization of the technology of scene examination (investigation)
How to Cite
Abstract
The article is devoted to one of the most frequently faced crime investigation procedure – scene examination (investigation), during which an investigator and a specialist to recognize, record, collect, transport and store trace information before conducting expert examination. Their activity, in this case, consists of a number of main stages: the recognition of traces on the subjects, which at the time of the commission of crimes could have formed traces and which (subjects with traces) can be collected; the recognition of traces on the subjects, which cannot be collected; recording, collecting, packing of traces on the subjects and traces; transportation of collected subjects with traces and traces to the pre-trial investigation authorities, its storage until sending them to the institution of forensic examinations; samples’ obtaining for comparative examination; transportation of subjects with traces and traces and samples for expert research. These main stages constitute the technology of scene examination (investigation), which (technology), in the general context, is defined as a set of knowledge, information about the sequence of separate work operations in the production process ofsomething.
The analysis of the integration of the concept of ‘technology’ in forensic science and forensic expertology showed that the general understanding of the term ‘technology’ there is no classification of technologies, their structure and content, and the order of representation at a practical level for the implementation into crime investigation.
The article illustrates some shortcomings of scene examination (investigation). The analysis of regulations that adjusting scene examination (investigation) shows that they do not have detailed instructions for the implementation of specific actions by specialists. In the opinion of the author, the solution of problematic issues should be the standardization of the institutions’ activities that provide for the conduct of scene examination (investigation) and expert research. The article briefly deals with the history of internationalstandardization, the state of standardization in Ukraine, analyzes the provisions of the international standard ISO 21043-2: 2018 ‘Recognition, recording, collecting, transport and storage of items’ (which have potential forensic significance).
According to the results of the research, conclusions were made on the necessity of implementation into the work of the institutions that provide scene examination (investigation) and expert research, quality management systems in accordance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17020 ISO/IEC 17025, as well as the harmonization of the international standard ISO 21043-2: 2018 as a national regulatory document (National Standards of Ukraine (DSTU)) with the further implementation into practical activities on crime detection.
References
Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoii ukrainskoi movy (2007). (z dod., dopov. ta CD) [Comprehensive explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language (with add., revised and CD)]. Kyiv; Irpin, 1736 p. [in Ukrainian]
Tyschenko, V. V., Bartsytska, A. A., Tsekhan, D. M. (2017). Kryminalistichni tehnolohii v rozsliduvanni. Kryminalistyka : pidruch. [Forensic technology in the investigation. Forensics: a textbook].Odesa, pp. 64–73. [in Ukrainian]
Biriukov, V. V. (2002). Nauchnyie i prakticheskie osnovy ispolzovaniia kompiuternykh tehnologii dlia fiksatsii kriminalisticheski znachimoi informatsii: monogr. [Scientific and practical basics of using computer technology for fixing forensically significant information: monograph]. Lugansk, 264 p.
Klimenko, N. I. (2007). Sudova ekspertolohiia: kurs lektsii [Forensic Experology: A Course in Lectures]. Kyiv, 528 p. [in Ukrainian]
Moisieiev O. М. (2011). Ekspertni tekhnolohii: teoriia formuvannia i praktyka zastosuvannia: monogr. [Expert technologies: theory of formation and practice of application: monograph]. Kharkiv, 424 p. [in Ukrainian]
Moisieiev, O. М. ta insh (2011). Tekhnolohiia komisiinykh ekspertyz : metodychni rekomendatsii dlia eksperti [Technology of Commission Expertise: Methodological Recommendations for Experts]. Donetsk, 64 p. [in Ukrainian]
Segai, M. Ia., Strinzha, V. K. (1984). АAktualnye problemy ekspertnoi tekhnologii v usloviiakh NTR. [Topical issues of expert technology in the conditions of scientific and technological revolution]. Kriminalistika i sudebnaia ekspertiza:resp. mezhved. nauch.-prakt. sb. [Forensic science and forensic examination: republican inter-departmental scientific and practical collection] Kyiv, Issue 29. pp. 3–7.
Tyschenko, V. V. (2008). Kryminalistychni tehnolohii v teorii i praktytsi rozsliduvannia [Forensic technologies in the theory and practice of investigation.]. Aktualni problemy derzhavy ta prava. Odesa, Issue 44. pp. 18–24. [in Ukrainian]
Shepitko, V. Yu., Shchur, B. V (2013).С Slidchi tehnolohii v rozsliduvanni zlochyniv. Pravova doktryna Ukrainy: u 5 t. [Investigative technologies in the investigation of crimes. Legal doctrine of Ukraine: 5 volumes].Kharkiv, Vol. 5. pp. 1052–1064. [in Ukrainian]
Shcherbakovskii, M. G. (2003). Printsipy sozdaniia sudebno-ekspertnykh tehnologii. Aktualni problemy kryminalistyky: mat. mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf. [Principles of creation of forensic expert technologies. Topical problems of criminology: materials of the international scientific-practical. conf.] Kharkiv,. pp. 276–279.
Poltavskyi, A. O. (2008). Pro deiaki problemni pytannia vykorystannia daktyloskopichnoii informatsii na suchasnomu etapi [On some problematic issues of using fingerprint information at the present stage.] Visnyk Luhanskoho derzhavnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav im. E. O. Didorenka [Bulletin of Luhansk State University of Internal Affairs named after E. O. Didorenko.]. Issue 4. pp. 187–196. [in Ukrainian]
Poltavskyi, A. O. (2017). Zbyrannia ta vykorystannia daktyloskopichnoii informatsii u rozsliduvanni zlochiniv: aktualni pytannia ХХІ stolittia [The collection and use of fingerprint information in the investigation of crimes: current issues of the XXI century]. Kryminalistyka i sudova ekspertyza: mizhvidom. nauk.-metod. zb. [Criminalistics and forensic examination: interdepartmental scientific and methodical collection]. Kyiv, Issue 62. pp. 216–228. [in Ukrainian]
Instruktsiia pro poriadok zaluchennia pratsivnykiv orhaniv dosudovoho rozsliduvannia politsii ta Ekspertnoii sluzhby Ministerstva vnutrishnikh sprav Ukrainy yak spetsialistiv dlia uchasti v provedenni ohliadu mistsia podii (2015): nakaz MVS Ukrainy vid 03.11.2015 No 1339 [Instruction on the procedure for involving employees of the police pre-trial investigation agencies and the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine as specialists to participate in the scene: an order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine dated November 3, 2015, No 1339]. URL:https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1392-15. [in Ukrainian]
Uchast spetsialista v ohliadi mistsia podii: dovidnyk (2017 red. 1) [Participation of a specialist in the inspection of the scene: a handbook (rev. 1)]. Kyiv, 160 p. [in Ukrainian]
Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward. URL: https ://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/228091.pdf.
Ruvin, O. H., Poltavskyi, A. O. (2017). Standartyzatsiia tekhniko-kryminalistichnoho ta sudovo-ekspertnoho zabezpechennia pravosuddia v Ukraini: prakseolohichnyi aspekt [Standardization of technical-forensic and forensic expertise of justice in Ukraine: a praxeological aspect]. Kryminalistyka i sudova ekspertyza: mizhvidom. nauk.-metod. zb. [Forensic science and forensic examination: inter-departmental scientific and methodical collection]. Kyiv, Issue 62. pp. 51–60. [in Ukrainian]
ISO 21043-1:2018. ‘Forensic sciences – Part 1: Terms and definitions’.
ISO 21043-2:2018. «Forensic sciences – Part 2: Recognition, recording, collecting, transport and storage of items».
DSTU ISO/IEC 9000:2015. Systemy upravlinnia yakistiu. Osnovni polozhennia ta slovnyk terminiv [Quality management systems. Basic Terms and Glossary.]. Kyiv, 2016. 45 p.