Studying the peculiarities of self-consciousness in the discourse of the problem of forensic-psychological examination of a minor subject

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of expert diagnosis of individual and personal characteristics of minors under subject. Systematic and generalized methodological approaches to the study of the parameters of self-consciousness in the context of forensic psychological examination of minors. It was determined that a mandatory component of expert research is a comparison of data on the state and characteristics of the mental development of a minor with the results of an analysis of the situation and behavior of the subject, taking into account the inter-individual variation of indicators of mental development and the peculiarity of the social situation of development. The conclusion is made about the expediency of selecting diagnostic methods in the context of the following personality characteristics: psychophysiological (implies the diagnosis of typological personality qualities of a general order, which are predominantly natural conditionality); psychological (includes determining the individual characteristics of self-consciousness, emotional sphere, anxiety, behavioral manifestations, motivation); social (orientation to the study of a real-life assessment system, which is set in the nearest microsocium of minors under the experts as a standard-reference sample and determines the tendency for the development of self-identity); sociocultural (includes the study of the system of value orientations of minors under expert and their immediate environment). It is noted that the basis of psychological diagnosis of individual psychological characteristics of the personality of minors under the expert are four basic principles that determine the construction of a psychodiagnostic study: the principle of methodical limitation, the principle of mutual verification and comparison of the results obtained among themselves, the principle of necessity-sufficiency, the principle of the relationship of diagnostic tool capabilities and depth sensing psychic reality. It was emphasized that the procedure of forensic psychological examination of minors subject (accused, witnesses, victims) is defined as a special kind of interpersonal interaction, in which the subject is assisted by psychological means in case of problems or difficulties of a communicative nature. This makes it possible not only to obtain information for expert opinions, but also relieves the psyche of minors from communication difficulties, relieves situational maladjustment, which naturally arises from the transition from spontaneous communication to targeted, planned, self-managed. The need to implement a system-integrative approach to the selection of diagnostic tools, which will increase the level of objectivity and validity of expert findings, has been determined.