Блог

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.53

V. Vovk

Approaches to the decision of a question of the establishment of the moment of occurrence of danger to movement at a performance of auto technical examinations
are analyzed. The necessity to change the concept of the moment of danger in the
Rules of the Road of Ukraine is substantiated.

When conducting forensic autotechnical examinations of the circumstances and mechanism of traffic accidents, one of the main components is the study of the technical feasibility of preventing a traffic accident from the moment a danger arises for traffic, which directly affects the assessment of compliance with the Rules of the Road on the roads of Ukraine. causal relationships between their actions and the occurrence of an accident.

At present, there are no common and generally accepted approaches to determining the moment of danger to traffic, which causes difficulties in the appointment and conduct of technical examinations.

Key words: rules of the road, danger to traffic, auto technical examination, moment of danger.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.52

I. Stelmashov

In the expert practice of fire research there is an increasing need for forensic complex fire-technical and mechanical engineering examinations. This need is especially relevant against the background of growing fires in Ukraine on modern foreign-made vehicles. In particular, those equipped with internal combustion diesel engines with Common Rail injection system.

Key words: forensic fire-technical and mechanical-engineering examination,
diesel internal combustion engine, fuel system, Common Rail injection system.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.51

Ya. Krupka, O. Zavialova, V. Kostenko, T. Kostenko

The article is devoted to the generalization of approaches to conducting forensic mining examinations in the investigation of explosions of gas-dust mixtures in coal mines. The practical significance of the obtained results is the use of special practical knowledge of mining and other types of forensic examinations (trasological, petrochemical, firetechnical, etc.) in the investigation of explosions of gas-dust mixtures in coal mines, which will ensure rapid, complete, and safe investigation.

A characteristic feature of explosion studies is that conclusions about reliable circumstances, causes and consequences of emergency situations can often be made with the combined use of classical mining, forensic and other expert techniques. General conclusions of mining engineering and other types of expertise (trasological, petrochemical, fire-technical, etc.) in the study of explosions make it possible to: determine the technical condition of workings, machines, mechanisms and equipment; establish reliable circumstances, causes and consequences of emergency situations; consider causal relationships between the actions of specific individuals and the requirements of regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

Key words: coal mine, accident, gas-dust mixture explosion, high-temperature flame front, toxic and harmful combustion products, emergency, investigation, air wave.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.50

S. Rohalin

Investigation of the influence of electromagnetic radiation on the operation of electronic metering devices for electricity is one of the demanded areas of forensic electrical engineering expertise. However, the scientific and practical study of this area of forensic research does not coincide with modern requirements. The study of the influence of electromagnetic radiation of the radio frequency range on the operation of electronic metering devices for electricity, as well as the identification of such radiation as accidental or intentionally created for the purpose of unaccounted consumption of electricity, are relevant.

The article systematizes the requirements established by regulatory documents for the stability of the operation of metering devices for electricity when exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. The mechanism of the influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on electric energy metering devices and the
constructive elements of metering devices sensitive to the effects of such radiation
is determined.

A list of the necessary initial data for conducting forensic examinations on the determination of the impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on the investigated metering device and the tasks of identifying radiofrequency radiation devices as an effect is indicated. Conditions are determined under which the conclusion about interference in the operation of the metering device for the purpose of unaccounted electricity consumption may be categorical. Recommendations have been developed to determine the source of radiofrequency radiation as probable in cases where the source is not provided for instrumental research in expert proceedings to study the interference in the operation of the metering device.

A methodology has been developed for conducting forensic examinations on the issues of determining the existence of the impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on the investigated metering device for the purpose of unaccounted consumption of electrical energy and the tasks of identifying radiofrequency radiation devices as sources of influence. The developed methodology is recommended for use in forensic practice according to the stages of the study, together with the provisions and generalizations set out in the article.

Key words: electric energy metering device, interference in the operation of the metering device, electromagnetic radiation, radiation frequency, electric field, electric field strength, electromagnetic field, Umov-Poynting vector, radiation power, classes of electromagnetic environment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.49

O. Borys, O. Shmereho

The article considers the practice of using mathematical calculations for the evacuation of people from buildings in the event of a possible fire in forensic activities. The purpose of such calculations is to ensure the sufficiency of the evidence in the consideration of administrative disputes related to the consideration of claims of state supervision (control) bodies for the application of appropriate sanctions. To date, the applied mathematical method of expert research is not scientifically systematized and not justified by the science of forensic expertology. Existing approaches to mathematical modeling, as a rule, are limited to the use of simplified calculation models with significant errors. To solve this scientific problem, the article considers the problems and provisions of individual regulatory and technical acts regulating the assessment of fire safety risks in Ukraine.

It is noted that the issues of a comprehensive assessment of the fire safety of business facilities are not directly related to the process of proof during the fire-technical examination in terms of the safe evacuation of people. Decisions about the presence of a real threat to the life and health of people at the facility are characterized by the probability
of an event that is a mathematical reflection of uncertainty, and the condition for the safe
evacuation of people is the allowable ratio between the estimated time of the evacuation
of people from the premises of the building and the time of blocking evacuation routes as
a result of the spread of dangerous fire factors.

Mathematical methods are systematized and the requirements for the choice of mathematical modeling models during fire-technical examinations are substantiated.
In order to ensure the sufficiency of proof of the expert opinion, it is proposed to use the following approaches: methods and calculation models in the context of forensic science should achieve the most realistic picture of modeling the processes of people evacuation and the spread of fire hazards at the object of study; it is expedient to use the field method and the individual flow model of the movement of people; the initial simulation data should correspond to the conditions and circumstances of a probable fire, under which the worst consequences are expected for the safe evacuation of people from the object of study; compliance with licensing requirements for software and assessment (examination) of the fire-prevention state of objects is a procedurally fixed form of fixing evidentiary information.

Key words: fire technical examination, mathematical modeling, calculation
models, evacuation of people, a threat to life, proof.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.48

О. Borys. R. Pasko

The article deals with the formation of the organizational and methodological foundations for conducting fire-technical examinations carried out within the framework of administrative cases at the suit of state supervision (control) in the field of technogenic and fire safety on the implementation of response measures in the form of a complete or partial suspension of the operation of inspection objects.

It has been established that there are no clear assessment criteria for violations of norms and rules that determine the degree of threat to life and health of people as a result of exposure to fire hazards. The specified uncertainty causes the doubtfulness of evidence and limits the possibility of making procedural decisions when considering administrative cases regarding the implementation of response measures by supervisory (control) bodies. In accordance with the established by judicial practice, it becomes necessary to form sufficient evidence in a public law dispute using special knowledge in the field of fire safety through the adoption of decisions on the appointment of forensic fire and technical examinations. At the same time, a scientifically-based approach to conducting this kind of a fire-technical examination has not been established.

The problems of scientific and technical support of expert research are defined. The purpose, subject, object, tasks, algorithm, and research methods are formed. The basis of the proposed organizational and methodological approach to conducting fire-technical examinations is the algorithm of expert studies aimed at improving evidence-based information. The dialectical methods of expert research and the method of mathematical modeling are defined and proposed as tools for scientific and technical support of fire-technical expertise. The necessity of consistent integration into forensic activities of innovative approaches and technologies, which is the method of mathematical modeling, is substantiated.

The necessity of introducing a procedural procedure (a mechanism) of expert research is substantiated in order to ensure the staging, the legality of the formation of an expert opinion as evidence in an administrative case at the claim of state supervision (control) in the field of technogenic and fire safety on the implementation of response measures.

The need for further scientific research aimed at improving the activities of scientific and technical support of fire-technical examinations through the development, formation, and introduction into expert practice of the methodology for conducting relevant expert research has been proved.

Key words: fire-technical examination, fire safety, life/health, research methods,
evidence, response measures, supervision (control).