Блог

A. Lysenko

Summary

The article deals with the problematic issues that arise during conducting forensic examinations and expert investigations on fires, the causes of which are associated with emergency modes in the work of electrical equipment and electrical networks. The article also describes the disadvantages that are typical for fixing the situation on the site of a fire during initial investigative actions.

The statement in the article allows us to conclude that in conducting primary investigative actions on the site of a fire, in order to obtain a full and qualitative result in the further transfer of collected materials for conducting forensic examination, it is necessary to involve in the inspection of the scene of the incident and close interaction at the same time of specialists in different areas of knowledge.

O. Shmereho

Summary

Recently, many new regulatory documents, which regulate the requirements of fire safety, have come into force. When conducting fire and technical examinations, experts in accordance with the questions posed for resolving the issues of the fire spot and the reason for its occurrence should be decided on the relevance of the research objects to the specified requirements, and not only after emerging fires. The article analyzes the implementation of such a problem both in Ukraine and in Europe.

A. Batih; A. Kuzyshyn

Summary

The interaction of the track and rolling stock is one of the most important problems of railway transport. When locomotives move in curved sections of the railway track, horizontal forces arise that lead to the crest of the wheel pair pressing against the rail head. The combination of these forces with the unloading of the wheel pair can lead to derailment.

When carrying out the forensic railway transport expertise to determine the stability of rolling stock in the straight and curved sections of the track, one of the most important parameters is the frame force.

The object of this study is a two-axle bogie of an electric locomotive VL80.

The calculated values of the magnitude of the frame force of an electric locomotive VL80, which acts on the trolley on the body side of the locomotive section. Based on the results obtained, the frame force versus the time of movement of an electric locomotive along the corresponding curve was constructed with a change in the speed of movement and corresponding increase in the external rail elevation.

The improvement of the method of determination of the frame strength will be improve the accuracy of calculations in the analysis of traffic safety and in the conduct of forensic railway transport expertise.

A. Batih

Summary

The article presents a general algorithm for studying the technical state of drain valve of tank-wagon. The author of the article also demonstrates the construction of drain valve, the requirements of regulatory documents to it. The main list of works that must be carried out when examining the technical condition of the drain valve of a tank-wagon is established. Among them, the most important is the establishment of the correspondence of the number of the tank wagon to the number given in the materials provided for investigation, of all the repairs that were carried out by this wagon and the terms when there had to be done.

It is also noted that it is very important to check the presence of stamps of the upper filling hatch and the drain valve of the tank-wagon when inspecting the exterior. The next is to inspect the bottom cover and the drain valve bracket. It is important to investigate whether the rubber seal of the lid does not have deformations or ruptures, the clamp – deformations, cracks, fractures.

The author of the article notes that in order to better study the drain valve, it must be dismantled from the tank. When inspecting the valve O-ring, it should be installed or does not have deformations or ruptures. After this, it is necessary to check the presence of all drain valve pins holding its clamping ring. Particular care should be taken to examine the lower feathers of the tank valve, since there may be signs of interference with the operation of the device.

When inspecting the parts of the drain valve inside the tank, it is necessary to examine the condition of the valve stem thread for damage, breakage of the turns, visually inspect the frame, the bar to detect such faults as deformations (bends), cracks, breaks. In addition, when inspecting the frame, it is necessary to establish the presence of all bolts of its attachment to the boiler.

After this, it should be scrolled the handle of the rod and the cover screw. When you open the drain valve, you need to investigate whether it is skewed when you open it. Particular care should be taken to examine the lower feathers of the tank valve and ascertain whether there are any traces of foreign objects on them.

The author of the article describes the sequence of checking the tightness of the drain valve to the tank.

It is rightly noted in the article that from the technical point of view, access to the cargo that is in the oil product tank through the lower drain valve can be achieved by unscrewing the lower cover (additional shutter) and pressing the valve (main shutter), that is, applying a mechanical force.

In this case, the feathers of the drain valve will show signs of foreign interference, and the bar will be deformed. In the article it is noted that the investigation of the technical condition of the tank drain valve is a rather complicated and laborious process. But, in turn, the above information is collected will bring some clarity when establishing the technical state of the drain valve of the tank-wagon and will allow to solve the main task of the forensic railway transport expertises – the disclosure of its mechanism.

O. Dzhus

Summary

The paper highlights the importance of researching certain issues in the implementation of the railway transport expertise, and provides the main reasons for the onset of the railway-transport accident(hereinafter referred to as «RTA»), which are assigned to the UZ for an internal investigation.

The reason for the onset of the RTA, with the rise of rolling stock and the loss of cargo through damaged packaging, the integrity of the body of the car, may be unsatisfactory technical condition of this rolling stock, improper fixing of cargo in the car, friction of the fastening on the route, or the option of interference by unauthorized persons.

In the framework of the examination, when a railway rolling stock leaves, causality and a direct technical reason for the onset of the RTA are established. Experts in the implementation of the examination examine: the technical condition of the rolling stock, ways, observance of the rules for the formation of the train and the conformity of the actions of the involved employees with regulatory documents. Questions considered require scientific research and justification. It is suggested to consider the improvement of this area of research in the implementation of the planned research work on the study of the main transport characteristics of goods transported and their packages with an assessment of the possibility of their influence on the cause-and-effect relationship with the onset of an RTA in the framework of the railway transport expertise.

The work emphasizes the urgency of the need to develop a methodology for assessing the impact of cargo transportation features on the onset of railway accidents.

O. Kovalchuk

Summary

This article considers the state of traffic safety in the structure of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» regarding the incidents of the run over people or motor vehicles by rolling stock. The majority of them happen when pedestrians are inattentive and when drivers neglect the demands for traffic rules when crossing the railway track.

When carrying out the forensic railway-transport expertise in which the rolling stock run over people or a motor vehicle, the expert is asked questions about the actions of the participants in the incident and the possibility of preventing it. Therefore, in the article also analyzes the regulative documents regulating the procedure for the actions of members of the locomotive crew in the event of a traffic safety threat (a person on the railway track, a motor vehicle within the railway crossing), considered notion of «marginal risk» and its impact on the development of the railway-transport incident. For a more detailed consideration of this issue are also presented two examples of the actions of the members of the locomotive crew, based on real railway-transport incidents.

K. Liubarskyi; P. Borshсhevskyi; I. Babina

Summary

The article deals with the possibility of assessing the speed of a vehicle at hitting to a pedestrian with the use of various approaches – forensic, energy, classical methods of auto-technical examination etc.

The generalization of the modern experience of estimating the speed of a vehicle at hitting a pedestrian gives an opportunity to develop a general approach to this issue and develop appropriate methodological recommendations.

The developed methodological recommendations will determine the general provisions, principles and methods on the basis of which it is recommended to determine the speed of a vehicle when riding a pedestrian. The use of these methodical recommendations ensures the conduct of automotive expertise on a single methodological basis, as well as the reliability, accuracy of evidence and the objectivity of its results.

The developed methodological approaches will include general principles for assessing the speed of a vehicle when ridding a pedestrian.